Quitting smoking is one of the best decisions you can make for your health, but it’s often one of the hardest things to do. There are various alternatives available for this. The wide range of such smoking-cessation products available at pharmacies can be both overwhelming and confusing. That is why, this article aims to explain these products, focusing on their safety and effectiveness. We’ll explore various types of smoking-cessation aids, their benefits and potential risks, and practical tips for their use.
Before diving in, if you’re questioning the necessity of all these efforts to quit smoking, check out our blog post on “Why You Should Quit Smoking Now” to understand the crucial reasons behind this important decision. Now, let’s get into the topic:
Types of Pharmacy Smoking-Cessation Products, Their Safety and Efficacy
Nicotine Replacement Therapies (NRT)
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) provides a controlled amount of nicotine to ease withdrawal symptoms and cravings. NRT products come in various forms and are widely considered safe and effective in helping people quit smoking. Studies show that these products can double the chances of quitting successfully. Even though these over-the-counter NRTs are allowed for sale to people aged 18 and above, they come with potential side effects too like all medications:
Nicotine Patches:
These patches are applied to the skin and provide a steady dose of nicotine throughout the day. They are available in different strengths, typically 21 mg, 14 mg, and 7 mg, allowing for a gradual reduction in nicotine dependence. Depending on the product, these patches are designed to be worn for 16 to 24 hours and are known for their convenience and ease of use.
Common side effects include skin irritation, vivid dreams, and insomnia. You can minimise skin irritation by applying patches to different areas every day. Remove the patch at bedtime to reduce sleep disturbances.
Nicotine Gum:
Nicotine gum is chewed until a strong taste is released and then “parked” between the cheek and gum to let it absorb. You can get them in 2 mg and 4 mg strengths and various flavours like mint and fruit chill. The gum helps control sudden cravings, providing immediate nicotine relief.
You may experience jaw discomfort, mouth irritation, and hiccups. The gum’s effectiveness can be reduced by consuming acidic beverages before or during use. Proper use involves the “chew and park” method to ensure optimal nicotine absorption.
How to use it?
· Use the chew-and-park method: chew until the taste becomes strong, then park it between the cheek and gums.
· Avoid acidic beverages before and during use as they can reduce nicotine absorption.
· Use up to 15 pieces per day, gradually reducing over time.
Lozenges:
Nicotine lozenges dissolve in the mouth, releasing nicotine to help manage cravings. They are available in different flavours and strengths, making them a discreet and convenient option for many users.
Possible side effects include mouth and throat irritation. Lozenges should not be chewed or swallowed, as improper use can cause nausea. They are convenient for managing cravings discreetly.
Inhalers:
Nicotine inhalers mimic the hand-to-mouth action of smoking and deliver nicotine vapour to be absorbed through the lining of the mouth and throat. They allow users to control the dose of nicotine and are particularly useful for those who miss the physical habit of smoking.
These can cause mouth, throat, and nasal irritation. They are not recommended for people with certain medical conditions like asthma or sinus issues.
Nasal Sprays:
These sprays deliver nicotine quickly through the nasal mucosa, providing rapid relief from cravings. They are typically used for fast-acting relief and can be effective during intense cravings.
Just like nicotine inhalers, nasal sprays also may cause throat and nasal irritation and aren’t recommended for people suffering from asthma or sinusitis.
Non-Nicotine Prescription Medications
Varenicline (Chantix):
Varenicline works by blocking nicotine receptors in the brain, reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms while reducing the pleasurable effects of smoking. Common side effects include nausea, vivid dreams, and mood changes. It is taken as a pill and requires a prescription in NZ.
While effective, varenicline can cause serious side effects such as mood changes, suicidal thoughts, and cardiovascular events. It’s important to monitor for these symptoms and consult a healthcare provider if they occur. Common side effects include nausea and insomnia, which can be managed with proper dosage and timing.
Bupropion (Zyban):
This is an antidepressant that can also help reduce nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms. Side effects may include dry mouth, insomnia, and mood changes. Bupropion is also taken as a pill and requires a prescription.
Bupropion also carries risks of mood changes and should not be used by individuals with a history of seizures. It’s crucial to discuss potential interactions with other medications with a healthcare provider. Side effects like dry mouth and insomnia are common but generally manageable.
General Safety Considerations
Certain precautions need to be taken when NRTs are used by some. Below are some special considerations for certain groups about NRT usage:
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding:
NRT is generally considered safer than smoking during pregnancy and breastfeeding. However, products that provide nicotine on an as-needed basis, such as gum and lozenges, are preferred over patches to minimise nicotine exposure to the baby. Pregnant women should always consult their healthcare provider before starting any smoking-cessation product.
Minors
NRT products should not be used by children under 12 years old. For teenagers, it is best to consult a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate and safe options. These products are typically designed for adults, and special care must be taken when considering them for younger individuals.
Medical Conditions:
If you have severe heart problems, diabetes, epilepsy, or other significant health issues, you should consult your healthcare provider before using any smoking-cessation products. Certain conditions might require tailored approaches to ensure safety and effectiveness.
Combining Cessation Products for Better Results
According to the FDA, combining different smoking-cessation products can improve the chances of quitting successfully.
For example, using a nicotine patch to provide a steady dose of nicotine throughout the day can be supplemented with gum or lozenges to manage sudden cravings. This approach can help address both the physical and behavioural aspects of nicotine addiction.
The Final Verdict
Pharmacy smoking-cessation products, including NRT and non-nicotine medications, are generally safe and effective tools for quitting smoking. They significantly increase the chances of quitting successfully and offer numerous health benefits. However, it’s essential to use these products correctly and consult with healthcare providers, especially for people with specific health conditions or pregnant and breastfeeding women.
Quitting smoking is a challenging journey, but with the right support and tools, it is achievable. Combining medication with behavioral support programs can further enhance success rates. Remember, the benefits of quitting smoking far outweigh the risks, and taking the first step toward a smoke-free life is a decision worth making.
